Digestive System

Digestive System: Structure and Function

Introduction

The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, absorbing essential components, and eliminating waste. It consists of several organs working together to ensure proper digestion and metabolism.

Organs of the Digestive System

1. Alimentary Canal (Gastrointestinal Tract)

• Mouth: The entry point where food is chewed and mixed with saliva.
• Pharynx (Throat): A passage connecting the mouth to the esophagus.
• Esophagus: A muscular tube that pushes food to the stomach via peristalsis.
• Stomach: Produces gastric juices (acid and enzymes) to break down food.
• Small Intestine: The primary site of nutrient absorption, divided into:
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
• Large Intestine (Colon): Absorbs water and forms solid waste.
• Rectum and Anus: Store and expel waste from the body.

2. Accessory Organs

• Salivary Glands: Secrete saliva to initiate digestion.
• Liver: Produces bile to help digest fats.
• Gallbladder: Stores and releases bile into the small intestine.
• Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes and insulin for metabolism.

Functions of the Digestive System

• Ingestion: Intake of food.
• Digestion: Breakdown of food into simpler molecules.
• Absorption: Nutrients enter the bloodstream.
• Elimination: Waste is excreted as feces.

Common Digestive Disorders

• Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining.
• Acid Reflux: Backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus.
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Affects colon function.
• Gallstones: Hardened deposits in the gallbladder.

Maintaining digestive health involves a balanced diet, hydration, and regular exercise.