Handwashing Technique -Steps

handwashing is a proper technique of cleaning hands using soap, water, and friction to remove germs, dirt, and infections, especially in healthcare settings.

Importance of Medical Handwashing

• Prevents Infections – Stops the spread of harmful bacteria and viruses.
• Protects Patients & Staff – Reduces hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
• Ensures Hygiene – Keeps hands clean and safe for medical procedures.
• Prevents Cross-Contamination – Stops germs from transferring between surfaces and people.
• Supports Public Health – Encourages good hygiene habits to prevent disease outbreaks.

Regular and proper handwashing is one of the easiest and most effective ways to stay healthy! 🚑💧

video explanation

 Step 1 of medical handwashing: Turning on the water with the elbow to avoid contamination. I'll generate the next steps shortly! 🚑💧

Here is Step 2: Wetting hands under running water. 

Here is Step 3: Applying liquid soap onto the palm. 

Here is Step 4: Rubbing palms together to create a lather. 

Here is Step 5: Rubbing the back of the hands with the opposite palm. 

Here is Step 6: Interlacing fingers and rubbing them together to clean between them. 

Here is Step 7: Clasping the thumb with the opposite hand and rotating to clean thoroughly.

WEANING

 

TOPIC: WEANING

 

 

 

VIDEO EXPLANATION

§  NAME OF THE TOPIC:WEANING

Weaning: Simple Explanation

Weaning is the gradual process of introducing solid foods to an infant while reducing their dependence on breast milk or formula. It is an essential step in a child’s growth and development.

Types of Weaning:

1. Natural Weaning (Baby-Led Weaning) – The baby gradually loses interest in breastfeeding/formula as they consume more solid food.
2. Planned Weaning (Mother-Led Weaning) – The parent decides to reduce milk feeding by introducing more solid foods.
3. Partial Weaning – The baby continues breastfeeding alongside complementary foods.
4. Abrupt Weaning – A sudden stop to breastfeeding due to medical or personal reasons.

Best Time to Start:

• Recommended around 6 months of age, as per WHO guidelines.
• Should be done gradually to allow the baby to adjust to new foods.

 

 

§  DURATION:15 MIN

 

 

§  SUBJECT:CHILD HEALTH NURSING

 

§  METHOD OF TEACHING:CHALK BOARD,CHART PAPER,FLASH CARDS,PPT

 

§  PREVIOU KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS:STUDENT SHOULD HAVE THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WEANING

 

Ø GENERAL OBJECTIVES:

 

At the end of the topic students will be able to understand about Weaning process

 and principles of weaning food.

 

Ø SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:

 

At the end of the topic,students will be able to:

--define  Weaning

--explain the purpose of Weaning food

--explain the principles of Weaning food

--enlist the types of Weaning

--explain the advantages of Weaning

 

Sl. No.	Time	Specific Objective	Content	Learning And Teaching Activities	A.V Aids	Evaluation
1	2 min	Defination of Weaning	ü  Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant human or mammal to what will be it’s adult diet while withdrawing the supply of it’s mother’s milk.   ü  The department of health recommends that healthy term infants need no nutrision other than breast milk or formula milk until 6 months(26 weeks) of age	Lecture Cum Discussion	Black Board	What is the definition of Weaning?
2	3 min	Enlist the principle of Weaning food	*Weaning foods should provide extra requirement as per need of the day. *Initially small amount should be given then increase gradually in course of a week.	Lecture Cum Discussion	Black Board	What are the principles of Weaning food?
3	5 min	Explain the types of Weaning	1.Weaning at 6 months: --choose a quiet time of day,half way through a feed: Smooth mash for purees,small amount once a day,move on to two meals per day 2.Weaning at 6 to 9 months --increase the quantity accourdinf your infant’s interests and appetite offer food from all four food group,at the amount of solid food increases the volume of breast milk decreases: Offer a cup of water with meals 3.Weaning at 9 to 12 moths Reduce milk feeds one by one to two feeds per day at 11 to 12 months: Hard finger foods minced and chopped family foods.	Lecture Cum Discussion	PPT	What are the causes of Bronchial Asthma?
4	2 min	Advantages of weaning	*No extra work at dinner time. *No worry of over feeding. *Baby learns at their own pace. *Little spoon feeding. *Maintainance of proper body weight at proper age. *To maintain proper growth and development of the baby.	Lecture Cum Discussion	Flash Cards	What are the advantages of Weaning?
5	3 min	Some special points of Weaning	1. Strict cleanliness i.e.,hands washed,nails kept short before preparation and handlingthe feeds. 2. New foods have to be given in small quantites at first and then increased slowly. 3. Any one type of food should be given for 3 or 4 days before any new type of food is offered.   --This ‘go slow’ processwill help the baby to accept new foods without upsetting the bowels.	Lecture Cum Discussion	Black Board	What are the special points of Weaning ?

 

 

 

Ø CONCLUSION:

 

ü  Introduction  o f new  food  at  right  time  will  help  baby  develop  and  grow  into healthy  child.

 

ü  There  is  need  to  have  maximum  utilization  of  commonly  available  cheap  cereals  and  legumes  of  formulate  weaning  foods.

 

 

ü  One  of  such  infant  complementary  food  or  weaning  food  is  made  from  a combination  of  rice, wheat  and  moonbeam.

 

Ø  SUMMARY:

 

In  this  topic  I  have  explained  about  definition  of  WEANING  and

 it’s  types,  principles,  definition,  advantages,  and some  special  points  about

  Weaning.

 

 

Ø BIBLIOGRAPHY:

*apps.who.int

*www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

*www.everymum.ie

 

 

 

 

Heart-Pumping Power: Your Step-by-Step Guide to a Stronger Ticker

 

Here’s a step-by-step guide to some of the best exercises for heart health. These are based on widely accepted recommendations for improving cardiovascular fitness, strengthening the heart, and reducing the risk of heart disease. Let’s break it down:

Step 1: Warm Up (5-10 minutes)

• Why: Prepares your heart and muscles for exercise, increases blood flow, and reduces injury risk.
• How: Start with light activity like brisk walking, arm circles, or leg swings.
• Example: Walk at a moderate pace (you can still talk comfortably) or do dynamic stretches like marching in place while swinging your arms.

Step 2: Aerobic Exercise (20-30 minutes, 3-5 times per week)

• Why: Cardio strengthens the heart, improves circulation, and lowers blood pressure and cholesterol.
• How: Choose an activity that raises your heart rate and keeps it elevated. Aim for moderate intensity (you can talk but not sing) or vigorous intensity (you can only say a few words).
• Examples:
  • Brisk Walking: Walk at a pace of 3-4 mph. Swing your arms to engage more muscles.
  • Running or Jogging: Start slow if new to it—alternate 1 minute jogging, 1 minute walking.
  • Cycling: Ride outdoors or use a stationary bike at 12-15 mph.
  • Swimming: Do laps or water aerobics; it’s gentle on joints but great for the heart.

Step 3: Add Interval Training (Optional, 10-20 minutes, 1-2 times per week)

• Why: Boosts heart efficiency by alternating high and low intensity, burning more calories in less time.
• How: Alternate short bursts of high effort with recovery periods.
• Example:
• Sprint for 30 seconds, then walk for 1 minute; repeat 8-10 times.
• On a bike, pedal hard for 1 minute, then slow for 2 minutes; repeat 5-7 times.

Step 4: Strength Training (15-20 minutes, 2-3 times per week)

• Why: Builds muscle, improves metabolism, and supports heart health by reducing body fat.
• How: Use body weight, dumbbells, or resistance bands. Focus on major muscle groups (legs, back, chest, arms).
• Examples:
  • Squats: Stand, lower hips as if sitting, then rise (10-15 reps, 2 sets).
  • Push-ups: On knees or toes, lower chest to ground, push up (8-12 reps, 2 sets).
  • Lunges: Step forward, bend knees, return to start (10 reps per leg, 2 sets).

Step 5: Cool Down (5-10 minutes)

• Why: Gradually lowers heart rate and prevents stiffness.
• How: Slow your pace and stretch major muscles.
• Example: Walk slowly, then stretch quads (pull foot to glute), hamstrings (reach for toes), and chest (clasp hands behind back).

Step 6: Consistency and Progression

• Why: Heart health improves with regular effort; gradual increases prevent burnout or injury.
• How: Aim for 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity weekly. Increase time or intensity by 10% per week if comfortable.
• Example: Week 1: 20-minute walks, 5 days. Week 2: 22-minute walks or add slight incline.

Notes:

• Check with a doctor before starting if you have heart issues or are sedentary.
• Stay hydrated, wear proper shoes, and listen to your body—stop if you feel dizzy or pained.