The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It consists of three main components:
1. Heart
The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood. It has four chambers:
- Right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
- Right ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- Left atrium: Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
- Left ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
2. Blood Vessels
The circulatory system includes three main types of blood vessels:
- Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
- Veins: Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
- Capillaries: Tiny vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues.
3. Blood
Blood is composed of:
- Red blood cells: Transport oxygen.
- White blood cells: Fight infections.
- Platelets: Help in blood clotting.
- Plasma: The liquid part carrying nutrients and hormones.
The circulatory system is divided into:
- Systemic circulation: Carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body and returns oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
- Pulmonary circulation: Transports blood between the heart and lungs for oxygenation.
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