Catheterization - Step-by-Step Process

Video Explanation 

Step-by-Step Process of Catheterization

Catheterization is a medical procedure in which a catheter (a thin, flexible tube) is inserted into the body to drain urine from the bladder. It is commonly performed in patients who have urinary retention, surgery, or mobility issues.

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Step 1: Preparation

1. Gather Supplies:

   • Sterile catheter kit (catheter, gloves, antiseptic wipes, lubricating gel, collection bag, syringe for balloon inflation in Foley catheter).
   • Sterile drapes and a container for waste disposal.

2. Patient Preparation:

   • Explain the procedure to the patient to reduce anxiety.
   • Position the patient:
     • Males: Supine position with legs extended.
     • Females: Supine position with legs apart and knees bent.
   • Provide privacy and maintain sterility.

3. Hand Hygiene & Gloves:

   • Wash hands thoroughly and wear sterile gloves.

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Step 2: Cleaning & Lubrication

1. Clean the Genital Area:

   • Males: Retract the foreskin (if uncircumcised) and clean the glans penis in a circular motion.
   • Females: Spread the labia and clean the urethral opening from front to back.

2. Lubricate the Catheter:

   • Apply sterile lubricating gel to ease insertion and prevent trauma.

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Step 3: Catheter Insertion

1. Insert the Catheter Slowly:

   • Hold the catheter about 2 inches from the tip.
   • Gently insert into the urethral opening while asking the patient to take deep breaths to relax.
   • Advance the catheter until urine starts flowing.

2. Balloon Inflation (For Foley Catheter):

   • If using a Foley catheter, inflate the retention balloon with sterile water (as per catheter size instructions).
   • Gently pull the catheter slightly to ensure proper placement.

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Step 4: Securing the Catheter

1. Connect to the Drainage Bag:

   • Ensure the catheter is properly connected to the urine collection bag.

2. Secure the Catheter:

   • Tape the catheter to the thigh (for females) or abdomen (for males) to prevent movement and irritation.

3. Adjust the Drainage Bag:

   • Keep the bag below bladder level to prevent backflow and infection.

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Step 5: Post-Procedure Care

1. Monitor Urine Output:

   • Observe urine color, consistency, and quantity.

2. Ensure Hygiene & Comfort:

   • Provide patient education on catheter care.
   • Perform regular perineal hygiene.

3. Document the Procedure:

   • Note the time, type of catheter, urine output, and any complications.

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Catheter Removal (If Needed)

1. Deflate the Balloon (for Foley Catheter):
   • Use a syringe to withdraw the sterile water.
2. Gently Remove the Catheter:
   • Ask the patient to take deep breaths while slowly pulling it out.
3. Post-Removal Care:
   • Monitor for urinary retention or infection symptoms.

This step-by-step process ensures safe and effective catheterization while minimizing complications.